A few brief hops in the Martian air two years from now could help open alien worlds to an entirely new kind of exploration.

An autonomous mini-helicopter will fly with NASA’s Mars 2020 rover mission, which is scheduled to launch in July of that year and land on the Red Planet in February 2021. 

The bantam chopper is a stripped-down technology demonstration, and it will make a maximum of five short sorties in the Martian atmosphere. Success in this pioneering work would be a big deal, extending the reach of humanity’s robotic explorers, which are currently restricted to the surfaces of alien worlds or the dark realms far above them.

“We envision helicopters opening doors to new types of exploration on Mars,” Håvard Grip, flight-control and aerodynamics lead for the Mars Helicopter, said Wednesday (March 20) during a presentation with NASA’s Future In-Space Operations (FISO) working group.

One day, more-advanced versions could serve as scouts for rovers or explore the Red Planet on their own, added Grip, who’s based at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology, which are both in Pasadena. 

“In the future, we could imagine doing things like [engaging in] regional exploration using multiple helicopters or going to inaccessible areas or biologically sensitive areas using small helicopters,” he said.

The Mars Helicopter weighs 4 lbs. (1.8 kilograms) and has a body about the size of a softball. It carries a range of avionics and communications gear, a small solar panel, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, “survival heaters” to keep its electronics warm through the frigid Martian night, and a navigation camera.

The helicopter doesn’t have any science instruments, but it is outfitted with a high-resolution color imager.

“That’s, so to speak, the payload,” Grip said. “That’s what we [use to] take pretty pictures and send them back to Earth.”

The helicopter will travel to Mars attached to the belly of the car-size 2020 rover, which will hunt for signs of ancient Red Planet life and collect and store samples to return to Earth in the future, among other tasks. 

A month or two after the rover lands on the Red Planet, the chopper will drop down and hit the dirt itself. The little vehicle will then make a series of short flights, each of which will last about 90 seconds and reach a maximum altitude of 16.5 feet (5 meters) or so, Grip said.

These sorties will be made between 330 feet and 3,300 feet (100 to 1,000 m) away from the rover — far enough away to pose no collision danger, but close enough to be in communications range. (The helicopter will talk to its handlers on Earth via the rover.)

Success would be quite an achievement, considering that the Martian atmosphere is just 1 percent as dense as that of Earth at sea level. Cruising just above the Martian surface is equivalent to flying at an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,000 m) here on Earth, more than twice as high as any helicopter has ever gotten. (The handicap imposed by the thin air is only partially offset by the Red Planet’s lower gravity, which is 38 percent that of Earth, Grip said.)

To generate enough lift, the Mars Helicopter sports two stiff rotors that measure 3.9 feet (1.2 m) long — pretty much as big as the team could make them, Grip said. And the rotors will spin at 2,400 revolutions per minute, about 10 times faster than the blades of a chopper on Earth, mission team members have said.

The team has put this design through its paces many times in Mars-like conditions here on Earth, Grip said. Indeed, the little craft is pretty much ready to go.

“The flight model is built and more or less tested,” Grip said.

The ultimate test, of course, will come on Mars.

“The Mars Helicopter’s initial flight will represent that planet’s version of the Wright brothers’ achievement at Kitty Hawk and the opening of a new era,” Susan Gorton, manager of NASA’s Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology project, which has been working with the Mars Helicopter team, said in a statement last week. 

“For those of us whose research revolves around all things related to flight, that would be a remarkable, historic moment,” Gorton added.

Such historic moments may not be limited to Mars’ skies. NASA is considering launching a quadcopter lander to Titan, Saturn’s huge, haze-enshrouded moon. This mission, called Dragonfly, would fly from spot to spot on Titan, investigating the complex chemistry occurring on the potentially life-supporting moon.

Dragonfly is one of two finalists for a mid-2020s launch slot under NASA’s New Frontiers program of medium-cost missions. The other contender is a comet sample-return mission called CAESAR. NASA is expected to announce its selection later this year.

The Mars Helicopter and Dragonfly teams have not collaborated to date, Grip said.

Mike Wall’s book about the search for alien life, “Out There” (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), is out now. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook. 

In the course of looking for possible signs of Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (ETI), scientists have had to do some really outside-of-the-box thinking.

Since it is a foregone conclusion that many ETIs would be older and more technologically advanced than humanity, those engaged in the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) have to consider what a more advanced species would be doing.

A particularly radical idea that has been suggested is that spacefaring civilizations could harness radiation emitted from black holes (Hawking radiation) to generate power.

Building on this, Louis Crane – a mathematician from Kansas State University (KSU) – recently authored a study that suggests how surveys using gamma telescopes could find evidence of spacecraft powered by tiny artificial black holes.

The study, “Searching for Extraterrestrial Civilizations Using gamma Ray Telescopes“, recently appeared online. This is the second paper published by Dr. Crane on the subject, the first of which was co-authored by Shawn Westmoreland (a physics grad student with KSU) and published in 2009 – titled “Are Black Hole Spacecraft Possible?”.

In the first paper, Crane and Westmoreland explored the possibility of using Hawking radiation from an artificial black hole. They concluded that it was at the edge of possibility, but that quantum gravity effects (which are currently unknown) could be an issue.

In her most recent paper, Crane took things a step further by describing how the resulting gamma-rays such a system would produce could aid in the search for ETIs.

The concept of a black hole-powered spacecraft was first introduced by famed science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke in this 1975 novel, Imperial Earth. A similar idea was presented by Charles Sheffield in his 1978 short story, “Killing Vector”.

In both cases, Clarke and Sheffield describe how advanced civilizations could extract energy from rotating black holes to meet their energy needs.

Aside from being pure science-fiction gold, the ability to harness a black hole to generate power would offer some pretty hefty advantages. As Dr. Crane described to Universe Today via email:

“An advanced civilization would want to harness a microscopic black hole because it could throw in matter and get out energy. It would be the ultimate energy source. In particular it could propel a starship large enough to be shielded to relativistic velocities.

None of the starship concepts NASA studied turned out to be viable… It might be the only possibility.”

In addition, the signatures associated with this sort of technological activity (aka. “technosignatures”) would indicate a very high level of advancement. Given the sheer energy requirements for creating an artificial black hole, plus the technical challenges associated with harnessing it, the process would be beyond anything less than a Type II civilization on the Kardashev Scale.

“To produce an artificial black hole we would need to focus a billion ton gamma ray laser to nuclear dimensions,” said Dr. Crane.

“It’s like making as many high tech nuclear bombs as there are automobiles on Earth. Just the scale of it is beyond the current world economy. A civilization which fully utilized the Solar System would have the resources.”

That’s not even the least of the technical challenges, most of which well are beyond what humanity is capable of. These include the sheer amount of power it would take to power the gamma-ray laser, where this energy would be stored, and how these emissions would be focused onto an atomic-sized space.

As Crane indicated, there are suggestions for how this could be done, but they remain highly speculative.

Aside from the concept itself, the idea of a black hole-powered civilization is also interesting because of the possibilities that it presents for SETI research.

As with other signs of technological activity (a.k.a. “technosignatures”), a civilization harnessing tiny, artificial black holes created with gamma ray lasers could be detectable thanks to a little thing known as “spill-over”.

This concept was described by Prof. Philip Lubin in a 2016 study, where he suggested that evidence of ETIs could be found by searching for signs of directed energy.

Consistent with Lubin’s own research involving lasers for planetary defense and laser propulsion (for NASA and as part of Breakthrough Starshot) Lubin suggested that errant flashes of laser energy (aka. “spill-over”) could indicate a technologically-advanced civilization.

In the same way, SETI researchers could rely on gamma-ray telescopes to search for signs of spill-over from gamma ray lasers. As Dr. Crane put it:

“If some advanced civilization already had such starships, current VHE gamma ray telescopes could detect it out to 100 to 1000 light years if we were in its beam.. They could be distinguished from natural sources by their steadily changing redshift over a period of years to decades. To investigate this astronomers would need to keep time series of frequency curves of the point-like gamma ray sources. This does not seem to be something they currently do.”

What is perhaps most exciting though is the fact that astronomers may have already found signs of some Type II Kardashev civilizations that use this type of method for energy production.

As Dr. Crane explained, several point-like gamma ray sources have been detected in our Universe for which no natural explanation has been given.

Future observations using space-based telescopes like the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), and ground-based facilities like the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) and the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), could help determine if these sources could actually be artificial in nature.

Coupled with next-generation instruments that have greater resolution and imaging capabilities, gamma-ray laser spill-over and other potential technosignatures could be out there, just waiting to be identified.

In the meantime, humanity still has a LONG way to go before it can begin to contemplate building this kind of technology.

Much like Dyson Spheres, Alderson Disks, Space Elevators, and the ability to move stars, this kind of Type II megaproject is just going to have to wait humanity can tackle a few smaller challenges. Something more our speed, like finding ways to settle on other planets in our Solar System, or learning how to use Earth’s resources sustainably!

Also, be sure to check out this cool and informative video by our friend, Isaac Arthur!

This article was originally published by Universe Today. Read the original original article.

It is a big news, set to shock, amaze, and entertain the world. But unfortunately, it’s got nothing to do with extraterrestrial stoners melding with Earth’s plants. However, since you’re now reading, you’ll almost certainly be interested in this research that looked into the clicking and sharing behaviors of social media users reading content (or not) and then sharing it on social media.

We here at IFLS noticed long ago that many of our followers will happily like, share and offer an opinion on an article – all without ever reading it. We’re not the only ones to notice this. NPR shared an article on their Facebook page which asked “Why doesn’t America read anymore?” The joke, of course, is that there was no article. They waited to see if their followers would weigh in with an opinion without clicking the link, and they weren’t disappointed.

We’ve been hoping for a chance to try it ourselves, and this seemed like the perfect opportunity. Yackler had some fun with the same article and managed to fool a bunch of people. A group of computer scientists into a dataset of over 2.8 million online news articles that were shared via Twitter.

The study found that up to 59 percent of links shared on Twitter have never actually been clicked by that person’s followers, suggesting that social media users are more into sharing content than actually clicking on and reading it.

“People are more willing to share an article than read it,” the study’s co-author Arnaud Legout said in a statement, Washington Post reports. “This is typical of modern information consumption. People form an opinion based on a summary, or a summary of summaries, without making the effort to go deeper.”

This study looks into the psychology behind what makes people want to share content. Research conducted by The New York looked into what motivates people to share information. Just under half of the people asked in the survey said they share information on social media to inform people and to “enrich” those around them.

Conversely, they found 68 percent share to reinforce and project a certain image of themselves – in a sense, to “define” themselves. In the words of one participant from the study: “I try to share only information that will reinforce the image I’d like to present: thoughtful, reasoned, kind, interested and passionate about certain things.”

It also raises the question of whether online media is just a massive “echo chamber”, where we all just like pages and viewpoints that reinforce our own beliefs and are not interested in information for the sake of information. Even the algorithms of social media sites mean that individuals or pages that you tend to click on, like, or share – which are most often the articles or viewpoints that you agree with – will more frequently turn up on your News Feed.

As a user of online media, you’re probably quite aware of this. Take a look at any comment on social media pages, including those, of course, on the Sci-Tech Universe Facebook page. It’s particularly noticeable on the more “emotive” and controversial of subjects; think climate change, GMOs, vaccinations, aliens, and a lot of our articles on marijuana, where the top comments often repeat or question something that is fairly explicitly in the article, but not the headline.

Just this week, our article about capuchins monkeys entering the stone age was met with many of the top comments on the Facebook post pointing out they’ve done this for hundreds of years, despite that being the first thing the article said if you read it. 

Although from our analytics it’s impossible to see which users did not click through to the article yet shared it, there is fairly often a slightly fine discrepancy between shares and page views which doesn’t quite add up, especially on those buzz subjects.

So, if you are one of the lucky few who managed to click and read this article, we congratulate you! Although we do apologize for the misleading headline. In the meanwhile, have fun sharing the article and seeing who manages to chair a discussion on marijuana genetics, without ever reading it.

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The curious object known as the Roswell Rock was found near the Roswell crash site in New Mexico. The rock displays a curious pattern together with magnetic anomalies: when magnetic influence is placed over the thickest part of the Roswell rock, the object turns counter clockwise. However, when placed above the lower crescent and circle, the thinnest part of the rock, the object reverses and turns clockwise.

An enigmatic object—found near the alleged Roswell alien crashsite—called the Roswell Rock has created confusion among those who have studied it. Said to possess mysterious properties, many believe the curious artifact—discovered in 2004—belonged to an alien race that visited Earth.

On September 4, 2004, a man named Robert Ridge went out hunting. During the day, as he explored the territory near the Roswell crash site he came across a curious object protruding from the ground, with a curious pattern embedded on its surface.

After picking up the artifact and cleaning it, he noticed a set of patterns and symbols on its surface that immediately caught his attention.

The Roswell rock has a curious symbolism: Two crescent moons joined at the corners, a pattern eerily similar to those that tend to appear on Crop Circles.

The design of the Roswell rock is fascinating. Anyone who has had a chance to see it will notice that it seems as if it had been crafted with incredible precision. According to Mr. Ridge, the Roswell rock is evidence of perfect machinery.

Interestingly, the design depicted ontop of the Roswell Rocked perfectly matches with Crop Circles that appeared in Liddington, England on August 2, 1996.

This, together with the fact that the mystery artifact was discovered in extreme proximity of the alleged Roswell Crash site.

So what is it?

The Roswell Rock could be two things. Either it is in fact an alien artifact that was ‘left behind’ by Alien visitors, even possibly those ‘little green guys’ who managed to travel across the universe and then crash near a farm in Roswell, or it is a very intricate forgery.

In order to find out what the object really is, Ridge contacted two ufologists, Chuck Zukowski and Debbie Ziegelmeyer, at the 2007 Roswell UFO festival.

Chuck and Debbie were trying to find out over the next year if it could be a souvenir from one of the stands at Roswell.

They noticed that the color of the rock was the same as that of the carved surface, so they assumed that it was not a recent work.

In addition, after studying the artifact under the microscope, researchers could not see the marks of the tool that was used to make the engraving. Curious right?

What kind of tool was used to make the engravings but did not leave any marks behind?

Anyway, as they dug deeper and investigated the mystery rock further, experts found that the Roswell rock had magnetic properties, it attracts the needle of a compass, and rotates in the presence of a magnet. Hmm…

Comparing the Roswell rock to the crop circle found in Liddington, England you’ll notice that even though they may seem identical, they are not.

Many believe that the engraving on the Roswell Rock depicts the existence of parallel universes, offering clues about portals and wormholes that we are yet to find.

That, of course, varies from person to person. For me, it just looks like a really cool rock with weird magnetic properties.

Anyway, researchers found that the Roswell rock has a strong magnetic attraction, narrowed down to the presence of magnetite. Furthermore, an energy dispersive fluorescence spectrometer, or (EDXRF), confirmed the presence of this strange iron material.

Strangely, when magnetic influence is placed over the thickest part of the Roswell rock, the object turns counter clockwise.

However, when placed above the lower crescent and circle, the thinnest part of the rock, the object reverses and turns clockwise.

Many have concluded that these strange properties have something to do with magnetism, free energy, and portals waiting to be opened here on Earth. Others believe that the curious patterns, and magnetic properties are just some of the curious characteristics of the Roswell rock and that it has still many secrets to give up. Is it a cosmic map?

What are your thoughts?

The Black Knight Satellite, a 13,000-year-old Alien Satellite?

Space Junk or alien “Satellite”, the black knight as it’s called today– has been around for quite some time now. It has been identified as an Alien Satellite and even though there are images of this object, many remain skeptical about its purpose and origin.

The discovery of the Black Knight Satellite is perhaps one of the most (in)famous space objects to orbit our Planet. This “Artificial Satellite” has caused major media interest since the late 50’s, and it has become one of the most talked about objects in space. First thought to be a Russian spy satellite, the Black Knight has gripped the interest of millions worldwide.

According to monitoring agencies around the world, The Black knight has been transmitting radio signals for over 50 years now.

The USA and Soviet Union have shown particular interest in this “unidentified space object”. Since its discovery this satellite has interested countries such as Sweden and enthusiasts worldwide. One of them is a Ham Radio operator who apparently had decoded a series of signals received from the UFO Satellite and interpreted it as a star-chart centered on the Epsilon Bootes Star System and that the Black Knight  originated from this System 13.000 years ago. (The Epsilon Boötis is a double star in the northern constellation of Boötes. It has the traditional names Izar and Pulcherrima. The star system can be viewed with the unaided eye at night, but resolving the pair with a small telescope is challenging; an aperture of 76 mm (3.0 in) or greater is required. — Wikipedia)

But according to many, this discovery was made much earlier than we thought. Rumors are that it was Nikola Tesla the first man to “intercept” a signal from this otherworldly satellite in 1899 after building a high-voltage radio device in Colorado Springs. After Tesla’s discovery in the next 30 to 50 years the signal was being intercepted more frequently until it was apparently “decoded”. Since the 1930’s Astronomers worldwide have been reporting strange radio signals which allegedly come from the “Black Knight”.

In 1957, Dr. Luis Corralos of the Communications Ministry in Venezuela photographed it while taking pictures of Sputnik II as it passed over Caracas. The strange thing was that unlike the Sputnik one and two, The Black Knight Satellite orbited Earth from East to West. Sputnik one and two orbited West to East using Earth’s natural rotation to maintain orbit.

The story of the Black Knight made its media debut in the 1940’s when the St. Louis Dispatch and The San Francisco Examiner wrote about the “Satellite” on May 14th, 1954. The Time Magazine wrote about it on the seventh of March, 1960. Here is what they said about it.

Three weeks ago, headlines announced that the U.S. had detected a mysterious “dark” satellite wheeling overhead on a regular orbit. There was nervous speculation that it might be a surveillance satellite launched by the Russians, and it brought the uneasy sensation that the U.S. did not know what was going on over its own head. But last week the Department of Defense proudly announced that the satellite had been identified. It was a space derelict, the remains of an Air Force Discoverer satellite that had gone astray. Read the complete story by visiting the Time Magazine website.

The Articles of 1954:

On August 23, 1954, the technology magazine Aviation Week and Space Technology released a story that angered the Pentagon, who were trying to keep the information secret. The short article stated:

Pentagon scare over the observance of two previously unobserved satellites orbiting the earth has dissipated with the identification of the objects as natural, not artificial satellites. Dr. Lincoln LaPaz, expert on extraterrestrial bodies from the University of New Mexico, headed the identification project. One satellite is orbiting about 400 miles out, while the other track is 600 miles from the earth. Pentagon thought momentarily the Russians had beaten the U.S. to space explorations.

Interest in the Black Knight was higher each year, in 1957, an unknown “object” was seen “shadowing”  the Sputnik 1 Spacecraft. According to reports, the “unidentified object” was in Polar orbit, at that time The United States nor the Russians possessed the technology to maintain a spacecraft in Polar Orbit.  According to our research, the first Polar-orbiting satellite was launched in 1960.

Polar orbits are often used for earth-mapping, earth observation, capturing the earth as time passes from one point and reconnaissance satellites. This would put the Black Knight in the category of an observational Satellite, the only question here is, who placed The Black Knight in a polar orbit and for what purpose?

The Object continued to amaze Astronomers World Wide. In the 1960’s the Black Knight was located once again in Polar Orbit. Astronomers and Scientists calculated the object’s weight to be over 10 tons which would be at that time the Heaviest Artificial Satellite to orbit our Planet. The Black Knight’s Orbit was unlike any other object orbiting Earth, as it was moving twice as fast when compared to any other man-made Spacecraft.

There are also several reports that the Grumman Aircraft Corporation gave much importance to this mysterious “Satellite”, On September 3, 1960, seven months after the satellite was first detected by radar, a tracking camera at Grumman Aircraft Corporation’s Long Island factory took a photograph of the Black Knight. At that point, people all over the world started identifying the object in the sky, which could be seen as a red light moving at higher speed compared to other satellites in an East to West orbit. The Grumman Aircraft Corporation formed a committee to study the data received from the observations made, but nothing was made public.

In 1963, Gordon Cooper was launched into space. On his final orbit, he reported seeing a glowing green object in front of his capsule in the distance moving towards his Spacecraft. The Muchea tracking station, in Australia, which Cooper reported the object to, picked up this Unidentified object on Radar traveling East to West. NBC reported this, but after Cooper had returned to Earth, the Reporters were not allowed to ask Cooper about the unidentified object. The official explanation given to Coopers sighting were “high levels of carbon dioxide, which caused hallucinations“.

The Black Knight has been a topic of interest all around the world. Until today, most of the “official” information on the mysterious object is kept safe and away from society. No one has answered some of the most simple and logical questions to ask, who placed that “satellite” in Polar orbit? To what purpose?

Is the Black Knight an Extraterrestrial satellite sent to Earth to study the Human race? Did the Satellite attempt to communicate with the human race? Have we ignored attempted communications? One thing is for sure; The Black Knight remains as one of the most mysterious objects to orbit our planet. Is there a connection between this (in)famous space object and ancient mankind’s achievements?

Let us know what you think and post your comments below.

Here are the images of the Black Knight and links to the RAW NASA images.

Check out the official NASA images of  “The Black Knight” by visiting these links:

http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=65
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=66
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=68
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=69
http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=70

We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn’t look right please contact us.

Images captured by NASA satellite show what many believe are ‘Alien spacecraft’ using our sun as a ‘cosmic refuel station’. In the past couple of years, a great number of images and videos have been posted of strange objects—some of them the size of Earth—which appear to be manipulating our sun. 

UFO hunters claim to have spotted an extraterrestrial spacecraft ‘extracting’ energy from the Sun. According to them, images posted by NASA show an unknown object connected to the star through a ‘straight line’, evidence that alien spaceships use our sun as a ‘cosmic refuel station’.

According to UFO hunters, the process seen in the images is ‘star lifting’, a technology used by advanced civilizations used to extract material from a star and use it for different purposes, even as a fuel.

A video uploaded to YouTube by Alien Hunter Streetcap1 asks where a massive UFO is feeding off of our Stars energy.

In the footnote, the author points out that he had noticed that the colors of the supposed ship and the rest of the line are different, so decided to publish this video online, to see what other people think.

“I did not think much about the theory of Solar plasma energy, but this made me think,” he adds. However, another UFO expert, Nigel Watson, does not believe the images are evidence of extraterrestrial life.

“These can be objects that shoot from the surface of the Sun and may seem sinister given the poor quality of the images, so we use our imagination to find aliens in them,” Watson was quoted as saying by the Daily Mail.

Apparently, there are mixed feelings about the possibility that UFOs are using our sun as a refuel station.

‘Professional’ Ufologists have not ventured out and said that’s something they consider possible, showing signs of skepticism when it comes to the matter, which is why many others who believe something like this is entirely possible say that mainstream UFO researchers need to open their minds to new possibilities, if we are to understand these phenomena.

In the past, countless videos and images have been posted by different people on social networks suggesting alien ships are using our sun as either a refuel station or cosmic doorway.

Physicist Nassim Haramein talked about alien ships that could be using our sun in different ways to travel around the universe.

Nassim Haramein has spent over 30 years researching and discovering connections in physics, mathematics, geometry, cosmology, and quantum mechanics.

Many scientists refuse to take into consideration what Nassim Haramein has to say, mostly because he has no problems speaking about anything from the construction of the pyramids to UFO’s and alien life.

However, despite the fact that many have dubbed him as a fringe scientist, Haramein has written a number of extremely interesting papers—backed by serious research, and built on solid existing theories and experimentation. Haramein theorized about Black Holes or Singularities which according to him exist at the center of atoms. Interestingly, a number of articles have come out covering research with similar conclusions after he presented his work. You can see examples here, and here.

Narrator: We have a mysterious new kid on the block. Astronomers call it Oumuamua. Which in Hawaiian, roughly translates to “first time visitor from far away.” Oumuamua is the first interstellar object ever detected in our solar system. Astronomers discovered it in 2017 with the Pan-STARRS1 telescope. And like all grand discoveries, it has raised more questions than it answers. Where did it come from? What’s it made of? And yes, even the ultimate query, is it aliens? That’s what two Harvard astrophysicists posed in a recent paper, suggesting that Oumuamua could be some type of alien spacecraft. And when we spoke with one of them, the idea didn’t sound as far-fetched as you might think.

Loeb: I prefer to adopt the maxim of Sherlock Holmes that if you rule out the impossible, whatever remains, as improbable as it is, must be the truth.

Narrator: Now a good rule of thumb is that aliens are always the least likely answer. But here’s the thing, the more reasonable explanation right now isn’t panning out. Most astronomers think that Oumuamua is probably a stray comet from another stellar system. The only problem is that it doesn’t look like any comet we’ve ever seen, because it appears to lack that iconic tail.

Loeb: There was an anomaly seen in the data. And it cannot be explained by the most conventional explanation, which in this case is a cometary outgassing. And so we propose an alternative interpretation which is the only one I can think of. Narrator: But it seems extreme to assume aliens just because Oumuamua doesn’t look like a comet, right? Not when the Harvard scientists accounted for another peculiarity. As Oumuamua traveled through our solar system, it didn’t follow the normal path of a typical comet under the sun’s gravity. Rather, it slightly shifted off course, which couldn’t be explained by gravity alone. Something else, some unknown force was also at play, manipulating the object’s behavior.

Loeb: I cannot think of any other possibility other than the outgassing that we find in comets, which seems to be ruled out because we don’t see a cometary tail, or the pressure from the sunlight. There is no other proposal on the table right now.

Narrator: Pressure from sunlight. It works similarly to how wind pushes against a sail on a boat. So too can sunlight push against a spacecraft to propel it through space. Incidentally, we call these spacecraft solar sails. There’s just one catch. Pressure from sunlight is extremely light. Lighter than the weight of a fly on your hand. Which means in order for it to be effective, solar sails also have to be extremely light and thin. In 2010, for example, Japan’s space agency launched its Ikaros solar sail, which only weighed 1.1 pounds. But it eventually managed to travel over 65 million miles from Earth on just sunlight alone. And it’s this type of force that the Harvard scientists think could be propelling Oumuamua too. Of course, that’s if it’s an alien made sail in the first place.

Loeb: Well first of all, I am not confident that this is the correct interpretation because we don’t have enough data. And so this is one possibility. I would highly recommend people to read the paper. If they have a better idea, they should publish it.

Narrator: And as always, not everyone agrees with Loeb’s hypothesis.

Weryk: I think that their explanation, I think it’s in contrast with what the data says. You know, we did consider that possibility in our own paper, which was published earlier, and we dismissed it as not being physically valid. You know again, there’s no reason to think Oumuamua is anything but a natural object.

Narrator: That’s Rob Weryk, who first discovered Oumuamua in 2017.

Weryk: So we think Oumuamua still has ice and the sublimating ice gives it a small tiny kick that gravity alone wouldn’t account for, but that the dust it has is much larger than what comets typically have. And so we just don’t see that from the ground.

Narrator: And yes, in all probability, he’s right. Oumuamua is a natural object, like a comet or asteroid. But neither Weryk nor Loeb can know for sure without more data. And sadly, Oumuamua is on its way out of the solar system beyond the reach of our telescopes. So the best bet for solving this mystery?

Weryk: So for Oumuamua itself, it’s basically gone, it’s too faint to see from the ground. There’s no way we could send a spacecraft mission, so we really have to find a second object. That would help answer a lot of questions that we don’t know. You know, I’m very interested in finding a second one. It’d be nice if I found them all.

Narrator: And Loeb already has some ideas on where to look next.

Loeb: There should be quite a lot of them right now in the solar system. And some of them could be trapped by Jupiter and the sun that act as a fishing net. And so some of these interstellar objects are bound to this solar system after the first passage.

Narrator: That’s right. Some of these interstellar objects might be right here in our solar system, trapped, and waiting to be found. It looks like astronomers may have more fascinating discoveries to come.

“We really do know that pretty much every star in the sky hosts at least one planet…” – astronomer Adam Frank.

Rejoice, Alien hunters, the possibility that Earth is not the only planet inhabited by an intelligent civilization has gained more credibility thanks to a brand new study that coincides with NASA’s recent planetary discoveries. The new study, published in the Journal Astrobiology proposes that more planets in our galaxy harbor advanced civilizations than anyone previously imagined.

“We really do know that pretty much every star in the sky hosts at least one planet,” said astronomer Adam Frank co-author of the study.

Woodruff Sullivan and Adam Frank looked at NASA’s recent discoveries of potentially habitable worlds and considered the odds whether sophisticated civilizations could have inhabited them or still do.

“What we showed was the ‘floor’ on the probability for a civilization to form on any randomly chosen planet,” Frank, a University of Rochester physics and astronomy professor, told The Huffington Post in an email. “If we are the only civilization in cosmic history, then that what we calculated is the actual probability nature has set. But if the real probability is higher than that floor, then civilizations have happened before.” 

According to Frank, the potential number of planets orbiting their host star within a habitable distance is staggering.

This raises hopes that one of those planets might host alien life, and with a bit of luck, we even might discover an advanced alien civilization inhabiting one of those planets.

“Even if you are pretty pessimistic and think that you’d have to search through 100 billion (habitable zone) planets before you found one where a civilization developed, then there have still been a trillion civilizations over cosmic history!” Frank wrote. “When I think about that, my mind reels — even if there is just a one in a 100 billion chance of evolution creating exo-civilizations, the universe still has made so many of them that we are swamped by histories other than our own.”

The Drake equation

One of the most famous equations dealing with the possibility of Alien life existing in the universe is the Drake Equation. It was created by astronomer Frank Drake in 1961, and it estimates the number of planets that may be home to advanced alien civilizations with the ability to communicate with other civilizations in the cosmos.

However, Frank and Sullivan modified the Drake equation implementing new data into it. Since the Drake equation analyzes the possibility of advanced civilizations existing in the Milky Way, the equation proposed by Frank and Sullivan calculate the possible number of advanced alien civilizations that have existed in our galaxy throughout the whole ‘known’ history of the universe.

With all the suitable real estate that’s out there, if we’re the only place with intelligent life, then we’ve really won the mother of all lotteries.” –Seth Shostak, SETI Institute senior astronomer.

Scientists consider the following when attempting to come up with numbers of Extraterrestrial worlds:

The number of civilizations in Galaxy whose electromagnetic emissions are detectable.

R_*

The rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life, in stars per year.

f_p

The fraction of those stars with planetary systems.

n_e

The number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life.

f_l

The fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears.

f_i

The fraction of life bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges.

f_c

The fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space.

The length of time such civilizations release detectable signals into space, in years.

(Source)

Writing in the Astrobiology study, Frank and Sullivan state:

“ Recent advances in exoplanet studies provide strong constraints on all astrophysical terms in the Drake equation. Using these and modifying the form and intent of the Drake equation, we set a firm lower bound on the probability that one or more technological species have evolved anywhere and at any time in the history of the observable Universe.” (source)

The two researchers write about what they call: “the cosmic frequency of technological species.”

“The universe is more than 13 billion years old,” Sullivan, of the astronomy department and astrobiology program at the University of Washington, said in a statement. “That means that even if there have been 1,000 civilizations in our own galaxy if they live only as long as we have been around — roughly 10,000 years — then all of them are likely already extinct. And others won’t evolve until we are long gone.

“For us to have much chance of finding another ‘contemporary’ active technological civilization, on average they must last much longer than our present lifetime,” Sullivan said. (source)

We have searched for traces of advanced alien civilizations, in hopes of finding out we are not alone for decades.

“With so many stars and planets filling the cosmos, it boggles the mind to think that we’re the only clever life to have made an appearance,” SETI Institute senior astronomer Seth Shostak told HuffPost in an email. “Frank and Sullivan use new research indicating that roughly one in five stars is orbited by a planet that could nurture biology. After that, it’s just a matter of counting up the tally of stars in the visible universe, and saying that — with all the suitable real estate that’s out there, if we’re the only place with intelligent life, then we’ve really won the mother of all lotteries.”

However, Shostak tells us not to be overly optimistic or pessimistic about the SETI Institutes search for intelligent signals from our cosmic neighbors.

“The odds that no one is out there are very, very small. It’s a bit like an ant coming out of its hive, seeing the enormous amount of real estate stretching in all directions and deciding that, if its home is the only ant hill, then its existence is a near-miracle,” said Shostak in an interview with HuffPost.

Journal reference:

Featured Image Credit: If we’re the only place with intelligent life, then we’ve really won the mother of all lotteries.” -Seth Shostak, SETI Institute senior astronomer. Image Credit

Thousands of years ago, the ancient Maya developed into one of the most influential ancient civilizations in Mesoamerica.

Occupying a territory from Mexico to El Salvador, the powerful Maya became one of the dominant forces in the region, creating massive cities, trading routes, and breathtaking temples and pyramids.

The Maya stood out in the American Continent due to their hieroglyphic writing, one of the few fully developed writing systems of the pre-Columbian American continent, as well as for its art, architecture, and systems of mathematics, astronomy, and ecology. They were one of the most developed ancient cultures in America.

The Ancient Maya developed in the region that encompasses the southeast of Mexico, corresponding to the states of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Quintana Roo and the eastern part of Chiapas, as well as in most of Guatemala, Belize, the western part of Honduras and El Salvador.

This region is composed of the northern lowlands that encompass the Yucatan peninsula, the highlands of the Sierra Madre that extends through the Mexican state of Chiapas, southern Guatemala to El Salvador, and the southern lowlands in the south.

Posted by Arqueología Extraterrestre Mexico on Saturday, September 23, 2017

The Mayan civilization developed sophisticated forms of art using both perishable and durable materials, including wood, jade, obsidian, pottery, carved stone monuments, stuccoes and finely painted murals.

The Mayans produced a great variety of architectural structures and left an extensive architectural legacy, which placed the Mayan civilization among the great pre-industrial civilizations of the world.

Mayan architecture also incorporated glyphic texts and various art forms.

The Mayan masonry architecture is evidence of the existence of artisan specialization in Mayan society, as well as a centralized organization and political means to mobilize a large workforce.

Long story short? The Maya were a civilization unlike any other in America.

And because of their extreme level of advancement, many researchers and ancient astronaut theorists have pondered whether it is possible that the ancient Maya obtained their advanced knowledge in engineering, astronomy, and mathematics from an otherworldly influence?

Mysterious artifacts, evidnece of ancient alien contact?

Over the years, numerous alleged artifacts said to have belonged to the ancient Maya civilization have been excavated in Central America.

More than six years ago, a stunning set of images made the news after a number of researchers claimed to have rediscovered long-lost ancient Maya artifacts depicting what appear to be spaceships, alien figurines, and star-maps.

Because of the nature of the claims, these artifacts were quickly labeled as a hoax, and the fuss behind the discovery vanished into history as one of the many hoaxed objects found around the globe.

Different artifacts have been discovered throughout the years. The first set of artifact (see below) were allegedly discovered in Calakmul, Mexico. 

The site is located in the central/southern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula, in southern Mexico and includes the remains of the important Maya city Calakmul, set deep in the tropical forest of the Tierras Bajas.

Here are the alleged items that were supposedly carved by the ancient Maya, and are evidence of ancient alien contact:

The above artifacts, allegedly made by the ancient Maya have been heavily criticized by experts who maintain they are an elaborate hoax.

The first article I read when I started looking for information about these strange articles was this one from the Guardian. There is a lot of stuff that seems out of place here. The biggest mistake in the article is that they mention president “Álvaro Colom” and speak about him being Mexico’s president which is a mistake, he, in fact, is a Guatemalan politician who was the President of Guatemala from 2008 to 2012.

From there everything went downhill and the little belief I actually had was gone (you really cannot make a mistake like that, can you?).

The article also seems to mention several statements of high ranking officials from Mexico and Guatemala that discussed these artifacts, yet I have not been able to find transcripts or anything like that online.

I did, in fact, find the images of these artifacts and I must admit they seem impressive. From what I have read about the subject, there is little to none credible information, and the archaeological discovery itself is questionable.

But the above artifacts are not the only ones that have been found so far.

In fact, numerous other similar objects have been discovered throughout the years.

Ojuelos podria tener un gran #Museo, pero los intereses ocultos no dejan tenerlo.#piezas de #Ojuelos

Posted by Arqueología Extraterrestre Mexico on Saturday, August 19, 2017

#Piezas de #Ojuelos exhibidas en #Queretaro muestran grabados de la #Peña de #Bernal y tienen una antiguedad de hasta 14 215 años. #Arqueologia de #Mexico#Misterio#Extraterrestres

Posted by Arqueología Extraterrestre Mexico on Saturday, September 9, 2017

Countless images of mysterious figurines are available across social networks.

“…As somebody in the space defense community, I look on any such structure on the moon with great concern because it isn’t ours, there’s no way we could have built such a thing. It means someone else is up there…”

The disclosure movement has gained millions of followers in the last couple of years mostly thanks to people like John Podesta, Chief of Staff for Bill Clinton, Counsellor to Barack Obama the Chairman of the 2016 Hillary Clinton presidential campaign who said that:

“I’m skeptical about many things, including the notion that government always knows best, and that the people can’t be trusted with the truth. The time to pull the curtain back on this subject is long overdue.”

“We have statements from the most credible sources – those in a position to know – about a fascinating phenomenon, the nature of which is yet to be determined.” (source)

But in addition to Mr. Podesta, dozens if not hundreds of highly ranked government officials, scientists, and former astronauts have spoken out freely about Alien life and the UFO phenomenon.

Curiously, in addition to scientists, government officials, and military personnel who have spoken out about alien life, perhaps the most competent people to talk about UFOs are airline pilots.

This takes us to one of the most curious airline sightings that occurred in 1997.

As Leslie Kean writes in her book UFOs: Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go on the Record:

Neil Daniels, a United Airlines captain for thirty-five years,  with more than 30,000 hours of flying time and an Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross, was one of those pilots who feared to report his sighting, despite the physical effect experienced by his airplane. In 1977, he, his copilot, and a flight engineer observed a perfectly round, “brilliant, brilliant light off the wing tip” as he described it, about 1,000 yards away from their United DC-io, which was en route to Boston Logan from San Francisco.

While flying on autopilot, the passenger plane was forced into an uncommanded left turn, apparently pulled by the object’s magnetic interference, prompting Boston Center to ask, “United 94, where are you going?”

Captain Daniels replied, “Well, let me figure this out. I’ll let you know.” The captain and his first officer then noticed that their three compasses were all reading different headings, and at that point they deliberately uncoupled the autopilot and flew the airplane manually. (Haines points out that the magnetic sensor providing the input to the compass then controlling the autopilot was the one located nearest to the UAP.)

The powerful light followed along with the aircraft at the same altitude for several minutes, and then took off rapidly and disappeared.

As you can see, it is inevitable that within the next decade, everything there is to know about alien life will most likely be disclosed. Willingly or unwillingly, the time has come for society to find out the truth behind the millions of sightings that have occurred for centuries.

But let us take a step back and return to the subject the article is initially discussing.

Dr. John Brandenburg, who has a Ph.D. in Plasma Physics, and a  consultant at Morningstar Applied Physics LLC, and part-time instructor of Astronomy, Physics, and Mathematics at Madison College has given what some are calling ‘substantial evidence’ of alien life present in our solar system.

To understand why Dr. Brandenburg is so significant in the disclosure movement we look at his career. Interestingly, Brandenburg was involved in NASA’s Clementine Mission to the Moon, which was a joint space project where the Ballistic Missile Defence Organization (BMDO) participated together with NASA to do some research on the moon. The Clementine mission is important because it found there is water on the Moon’s poles.

According to Dr. Brandenburg:

“It was (the Clementine Mission) a photo reconnaissance mission basically to check out if someone was building bases on the moon that we didn’t know about. Were they expanding them?”

“Of all the pictures I’ve seen from the moon that show possible structures, the most impressive is an image of a mile wide recto-linear structure. This looked unmistakably artificial, and it shouldn’t be there. As somebody in the space defense community, I look on any such structure on the moon with great concern because it isn’t ours, there’s no way we could have built such a thing. It means someone else is up there.”

Dr. Brandenburg additionally stated that once the Clementine mission was completed, the images taken from the moon were analyzed by ‘an elite department team with the highest security clearance’:

“… They basically kept to themselves and just did their work, and we were told not to interfere with them…”

Interestingly, Brandenburg was also quoted saying that “We were aware there was a possibility of an unknown presence, possibly alien/extraterrestrial near the Earth…”

Brandenburg recounted one occasion: “…There I am sitting in a room of retired army and air force generals and a few admirals, and we’re watching what looks like a firefight in space. The most senior general there … turned to me and said, “Where do you think they’re from?” and I said, “I don’t know sir, I’ve heard they’re from 40 light years from here.”

In addition to Dr. Brandeburg, numerous other scientists and academics have come forward speaking about Alien life and UFOs, encouraged perhaps, by people like John Podesta, Theodor C. Loder III, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire who also said: “Intelligent beings from other star systems have been and are visiting our planet Earth. They are variously referred to as Visitors, Others, Star People, ETs, etc…” And Dr. Brian O’Leary, Former NASA Astronaut and Princeton physics professor who is quoted saying: “There is abundant evidence that we are being contacted, that civilizations have been visiting us for a very long time…”

What would convince you that aliens existed? The question came up recently at a conference on astrobiology, held at Stanford University in California.

Several ideas were tossed around – unusual gases in a planet’s atmosphere, strange heat gradients on its surface. But none felt persuasive.

Finally, one scientist offered the solution: a photograph.

There was some laughter and a murmur of approval from the audience of researchers: yes, a photo of an alien would be convincing evidence, the holy grail of proof that we’re not alone.

But why would a picture be so convincing? What is it that we’d see that would tell us we weren’t just looking at another pile of rocks?

An alien on a planet orbiting a distant star would be wildly exotic, perhaps unimaginably so. What, then, would give it away as life?

The answer is relevant to our search for extraterrestrials, and what we might expect to find.

What are we looking for?

Astrobiology – the study of life on other planets – has grown from a fringe sub-discipline of biology, chemistry and astronomy to a leading interdisciplinary field, attracting researchers from top institutions across the globe, and large sums of money from both NASA and private funders.

But what exactly is it that astrobiologists are looking for? How will we know when it’s time to pop the Champagne?

One thing that sets life apart from nonlife is its apparent design. Living things, from the simplest bacteria to the great redwoods, have vast numbers of intricate parts working together to make the organism function.

Think of your hands, heart, spleen, mitochondria, cilia, neurons, toenails – all collaborating in synchrony to help you navigate, eat, think and survive. The most beautiful natural rock formations lack even a tiny fraction of the myriad parts of a single bacterial cell that coordinate to help it divide and reproduce. 

And living things, unlike dirt and wind, appear to be trying to do things – eat, grow, survive, reproduce. If you’ve ever tried to squish a resilient bug, you know that it doesn’t require a complex mind for an organism to appear to want to survive.

Or for a squirrel to ‘want’ to jump from one branch to the next. Or for a plant to ‘try’ to reach towards the Sun and soak up nutrients from the soil.

Not only do living things have many intricate parts, but all of those parts have the same, common purpose ­– survival and reproduction. This combination of complex design and apparent purpose, also known as adaptedness, defines life.

What does this mean?

When we look at that photo of an alien, it’s exactly this adaptedness that would make us go: ‘Aha!’

We would see, clearly, the difference between a disappointing pile of rocks and an exciting alien – design. This is good news, because there’s only one way to get such design: natural selection.

Natural selection occurs whenever you have a collection of things (cells, replicators, birds, an imaginary species we’ll call ‘Glipgloops’) that have three properties: variation, heredity and differential success.

For example, some of the Glipgloops we posited have longer eyestalks than others (variation).

Long-eyestalked Glipgloops have long-eyestalked babies (inheritance of the variation). And Glipgloops with long eyestalks can see out of their methane holes better and therefore have more babies (differential success linked to that variation).

The result is that, over time, Glipgloops evolve to have elongated eyestalks.

This is the process by which the apparent design in nature is generated: in every generation, at every instant, individuals with traits linked to better reproduction are being ‘selected’. As a result, over time, populations consist of individuals who appear designed for the purpose of reproducing.

It’s exactly because the selection criterion is always the same that design can develop.

Imagine a car that was constructed using a different blueprint at every step – well, you likely wouldn’t end up with a car. It’s natural selection’s unwavering mantra – the contribution of genes to future generations – that allows for design to appear without a designer.

In fact, the selection criterion is so consistent, that an organism cannot be designed for anything other than contributing genes to future generations. This is why we don’t get organisms who sacrifice for the good of their species.

In general, organisms are selfish – reproducing yourself at the expense of others is a great way to pass on genes.

We do sometimes see sacrifice and cooperation in nature – but only when the benefits of cooperation come back to you, or the sacrifice benefits relatives. Relatives share genes, so a bee can sacrifice for the queen (its mother), if it means she’ll produce 100 more sisters, each carrying half the bee’s genes.

The calculus of which traits lead to more genes, and exactly when and how much to sacrifice, is precise and rigid. This is why evolutionary biologists can make mathematical models that correctly predict how many helpers a bird should allow at her nest, and how often wasps should cannibalise their siblings.

But this algorithmic rigidity of natural selection also comes in handy for the astrobiologist.

A thread should be revealing itself: life is special because of its apparent design. The only way to get design without a designer is natural selection. Therefore, aliens must be the product of natural selection. And natural selection follows certain rules, and can produce only certain kinds of organisms.

Thus, astrobiologists can use the theory of natural selection, and the mathematics of evolution, to make predictions about aliens.

Are there exceptions?

We can’t get complex life, even something as simple as a bacterium, without natural selection. Even a postorganic, computer-based alien would ultimately be the product of a product of natural selection.

But let’s consider a borderline case. Imagine a collection of replicating molecules, like tiny naked genes, on an alien planet. If these replicators made copies of themselves (inheritance), but replicated perfectly every time (no variation or differential success), you wouldn’t get natural selection.

Would this be life? Maybe, but it wouldn’t be very exciting.

For one, without variation, the molecules can never change, or become more adapted, or evolve into anything more interesting or complex. Finding bacteria or bears on a distant planet would suggest that the universe might be teeming with life of all shapes and sizes.

These replicators wouldn’t suggest anything. Even more problematic, their existence would likely be fleeting – without natural selection, they wouldn’t be able to cope with changes on their planet, and so would disappear before we found them.

The argument from natural selection is robust, even at the boundaries. This frees us up to use the same evolutionary tools we use on Earth to make predictions about life elsewhere.

Previous work in astrobiology has extrapolated from what’s happened on Earth, potentially limiting our vision to certain special features, such as DNA or carbon-based life, that won’t hold on other planets. Natural selection, on the other hand, is universal.

It doesn’t depend on DNA (remember, Charles Darwin knew nothing of genes) or carbon chemistry or the presence of water. It’s incredibly simple – it just requires a few ingredients – and it’s the only way to generate life.

A mental image of that prized photo, showing entities apparently designed to fit their surroundings, is beginning to form. We can’t say whether the grainy picture of the alien will have eyes, or limbs, or be green.

That’s not the kind of prediction good evolutionary theory can make. But natural selection tells us that its forms, goals and evolutionary pathways are constrained.

(Helen Cooper/Cambridge University)

One example posed by our team in the sketch above is what we playfully call ‘the octomite’ – a conglomerate of once-separate entities now working together to survive, reproduce and evolve.

How would we recognise an alien? It would include a hierarchy of entities, with the interests of each lower level aligned with components in levels above.

The photo we envision would show division of labour, with various parts specialising in various tasks in a mutually dependent way.

This work of incorporating evolutionary theory into our astrobiological toolkit is only just beginning. What else can Darwin tell us about aliens? Presumably quite a lot.

The photo, if and when it comes, will be something entirely exotic to the naked eye. But to the student of evolutionary biology, it might look surprisingly familiar.

This article was originally published at Aeon and has been republished under Creative Commons. Read the original article here.

According to Aldrin: “On Apollo 11 in route to the Moon, I observed a light out the window that appeared to be moving alongside us. There were many explanations of what that could be, other than another spacecraft from another country or another world – it was either the rocket we had separated from or the four panels that moved away when we extracted the lander from the rocket, and we were nose to nose with the two spacecraft. So in the close vicinity, moving away, were four panels. And I feel convinced that we were looking at the sun reflected off of one of these panels. Which one? I don’t know. So technically, the definition could be “unidentified.”

Edgar Mitchell, the astronaut who participated in the Apollo 14 mission in 1971, and the sixth man to walk on the moon said “after traveling in space, I am fully confident that the aliens are watching us. I do not know how many, where and how they do it, but watching us; We see these ships at all times.

NASA’s Apollo Missions have been anything but ordinary and scientific in nature. When mankind ventured out to the Moon, a vast ocean of mysteries was ahead of us, but this ocean wasn’t explored even though we managed to land on the moon, as a matter of a fact, the ocean of mysteries seemed to have increased as there are more mysteries about the moon than we ever thought possible. Earth’s Moon has always been a much talked about subject and speculation about its secrets have always been present. We have always wondered why we have not been to the moon recently; we have all seen the mysterious images of the moon that appear to show strange constructions on the surface of the moon yet no one has reached and explored the possibilities thoroughly.

Most people believe for a fact that NASA’s Apollo missions were observed by alien beings. This theory which has been thoroughly dismissed by skeptics has been fueled by comments of Astronauts and highly ranking government officials.

In 1979 Maurice Chatelain, former chief of NASA Communications Systems confirmed that Armstrong had indeed reported seeing two UFOs on the rim of a crater. “The encounter was common knowledge in NASA,” he revealed, “but nobody has talked about until now.”

According to Armstrong, unofficially, “We were warned away.” “I cannot go into details, except to say that their ships were far superior to ours both in size and technology. They were great … and threatening “.

Many people firmly believe that not all of the images released by NASA are the actual originals taken on the moon, and many believe this is because the original images of the moon reveal structures and artifacts that would cause panic among the general public. Many believe that there are hundreds of images from NASA that have been altered in order to hide structures, moon bases, and artifact that prove there is an Alien presence on the Moon. NASA scientists Dr. Farouk El-Baz described this the best way possible when he stated that “not every discovery has been announced to the public.”

Interestingly, during the Apollo 11 mission, which was broadcast on TV, there was a gap in the live transmission that lasted for a couple of minutes. While NASA states this was due to the fact that the cameras overheated, many people believe this wasn’t the case and state that during that gap radio operators around the planet picked up a conversation between the Astronauts and NASA where Neil Armstrong talks about the presence of two giant Alien Ships that were observing the NASA astronauts from a distance. Even though NASA has never confirmed the conversation ever happened here, below, is the ‘alleged’ transcript of the conversation between NASA and Houston during the ‘Television broadcast gap’:

“Armstrong & Aldrin: Those are giant things. No, no, no – this is not an optical illusion. No one is going to believe this!

Houston: What … what … what? What the hell is happening? What’s wrong with you?

Armstrong & Aldrin: They’re here under the surface.

Houston: What’s there? (Muffled noise) Emission interrupted; interference control calling ‘Apollo 11’.

Armstrong & Aldrin: We saw some visitors. They were here for a while, observing the instruments.

Houston: Repeat your last information!

Armstrong & Aldrin: I say that there were other spaceships. They’re lined up in the other side of the crater!”

Of course, there are many other transcripts where Astronauts and ground control talk about ‘Alien Ships” that are crucial pieces of evidence in all of this.

There are dozens of theories that suggest the Moon is filled with Extraterrestrial bases and some of them are located on the far side of the moon. According to NASA Photographic Technician Donna Tietze, there are people in NASA whose job was to “airbrush and edit any anomalies found in the Moon images”.

What do you think about all of this? Is it possible that there are Alien Bases on the Moon? Could these mysterious bases (which NASA has tried very hard to keep a secret) be the reason why mankind has failed to return to the moon in recent years? And is it possible that all of the transcripts of conversations between Astronauts and NASA actually refer to Aliens and UFO’s on the Moon and in space? Let us know what you think about this subject and why YOU believe we have not been on the Moon lately. Are Aliens behind it or is it simply because we have already been there and we need to focus on going elsewhere, like Mars…?

According to a declassified CIA report, a troop of Russian soldiers—who managed to shoot down a UFO—were turned into STONE by surviving aliens. The declassified report is available at the official website of the CIA.

Yup, and it’s not an excerpt from an upcoming James Cameron science fiction movie. Although James might consider it.

Ok so I know there are those who will certainly yell out fake, and for them, the link to the official document is here.

According to a set of documents provided by the CIA, Russian soldiers gunned down an Unidentified Flying Object. After the craft crash landed, its occupants—of otherworldly origin—confronted the military resulting in human soldiers turning into stone.

The declassified set of documents states how 23 Russian soldiers were ‘killed’ by as many as FIVE extraterrestrial beings after an alien encounter after soldiers gunned down the ET craft.

The declassified documents, now freely available at the official website of the CIA, is in fact a translation of a Ukrainian newspaper that wrote about the incident.

The newspaper report composed from a 250-page KGB dossier on the alleged UFO attack includes images and witness testimonies, according to the Daily Express.

The UFO is said to have appeared during military unit training in Siberia. The Alien craft was shot down using a surface-to-air missile.

The declassified report states how: “Five short humanoids with large heads and large black eyes got out.”

2 soldiers are believed to have survived the attack.

As weird as it sounds, the report states how after the UFO was shot down, five ‘otherworldly beings’ emerged from the crashed UFO. The beings merged in what was described as a massive ball of light which eventually exploded, turning 23 Russian soldiers into stone.

The declassified document states:

“The KGB report goes on to say that the remains of the ‘petrified soldiers’ were transferred to a secret research institution near Moscow.”

“Specialists assume that a source of energy still unknown to Earthlings instantly changed the structure of the soldiers living organisms, having transformed it into a substance whose molecular structure was no different to limestone.”

At the end of the report, a CIA agent wrote: “If the KGB file corresponds to reality, this is an extremely menacing case.”

“The aliens possess such weapons and technology that go beyond all our assumptions.”

And while there are certainly many red flags surrounding the report, one of the biggest mysteries is why the CIA held a translation of the Ukrainian newspaper report on file.

It seems that the document—although available on the CIA website—first appeared in declassified KGB files.

Interestingly, a man named Philip Schneider, who worked as an explosive engineer contracted by the U.S. government, with high-level security clearance claimed how in 1979—when he was working on the construction of a secret underground base in New Mexico—he witnessed a horrible battled between aliens and humans that resulted in 60 dead soldiers, and countless subterranean aliens fighting for their life.

New SETI Plan: Detect Alien Starships Powered by Black Holes

Alien Starships

To detect alien civilizations, astronomers need to make some assumptions about the forms they might take — and the traces their technological artifacts could leave behind.

An outrageous new paper by a mathematician at Kansas State University does just that, positing that a sufficiently advanced alien civilization would likely build starships powered by the radiation thrown off by small black holes — and speculating that astronomers could use gamma telescopes to spot evidence of these black hole starships.

Black Holes

The basic idea, according to mathematician Louis Crane, is that a spaceship powered by a black hole would leave distinctive spillover from gamma rays. He suggests astronomers could detect that spillover using a telescope like the orbital Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.

“If some advanced civilization already had such starships, current [very high energy] gamma ray telescopes could detect it out to 100 to 1,000 light years if we were in its beam,” Crane said in a press release. “They could be distinguished from natural sources by their steadily changing redshift over a period of years to decades.”

Game SETI Match

Crane also said, provocatively, that he believes astronomers may have already spotted several gamma ray sources “for which no natural explanation has been given.”

He also speculated about what it would mean for a civilization to be capable of creating an artificial black hole — and it sounds absolutely epic.

“To produce an artificial black hole, we would need to focus a billion-ton gamma ray laser to nuclear dimensions,” Crane said in the press release. “It’s like making as many high-tech nuclear bombs as there are automobiles on Earth. Just the scale of it is beyond the current world economy. A civilization which fully utilized the solar system would have the resources.”

READ MORE: Gamma ray telescopes could detect starships powered by black hole [Phys.org]

More on black holes as power sources: Stephen Hawking Suggests That Black Holes Could Power Our Future

Much has been said about Rh negative blood and theories which suggest, there is an enigmatic truth sealed away from public knowledge linking humans with Rh-negative blood to otherworldly origins.

“Who has fully realized that history is not contained in thick books but lives in our very blood?” –  Carl Jung

Humans have four general blood types: A, B, AB, and O; a classification derived from proteins found on the surface of cells which are basically designed to wage war against bacteria and viruses in the human body.

Whether Rh-negative blood is just a mutation or not is something that has caused debate among researchers. If it were a mutation, then why is it that people who possess Rh negative blood are known for having extra vertebrae? This, just as the blood type, is explained scientifically as being a ‘mutation’.

However, according to modern DNA sequencing, it is demonstrated that humanity as we know it, isn’t just ONE single ‘race’ that descended from the same ancestor in Africa, but a hybridized species, with a far more enigmatic truth behind it all.

Many questions have been raised in the discussion about Rh negative blood. If mankind did, in fact, evolve from a mutual ancient African ancestor, theories state that everyone’s blood would be compatible, but regrettably, this is not the case. This raises numerous questions that science alone has not been able to fully answer. Where did Rh-negative blood come from? And why is it that a Rh-negative mother carrying Rh positive children tries rejecting her own offspring? Is it possible that this can be explained by a rather controversial theory? A theory which suggests that humanity isn’t in fact one race, but a hybridized species.

The book was written by Robert Sepehr, Species with Amnesia: Our Forbidden History tells us more about the enigmatic blood type Rh-negative. Not only does Species with Amnesia suggest mankind is, in fact, a hybridized species, the author suggests that highly advanced civilizations have been on Earth before us, just to be destroyed by some great global catastrophe, as mysteriously, history tells us.

Sepehr argues that for each race that has died out, another has taken its place, with a selected few holding on to the memories and sacred knowledge of the past race. In our vanity, we think we have discovered some of the great truths of science and technology, but we are in fact only just beginning to rediscover the profound wisdom of past civilizations. In many ways, we are like an awakening Species with Amnesia, yearning to reclaim our forgotten past. –

The Basque people of Spain and France have the highest percentage of Rh-negative blood. About 30% have (rr) Rh negative and about 60% carry one (r) negative gene.

“There are 612 primate species and subspecies recognized by the International Union for Conversation of Nature (IUCN), and not one has Rh-negative blood”. – Robert Sepehr, Species with Amnesia: Our Forbidden History

Rh factors or ‘Rhesus factor’ was first discovered in the blood of Rhesus monkey. According to Sepehr, if mankind evolved from the same African ancestor their blood would be compatible, but it is not. Nearly 85% of all human beings have RH positive blood, yet ALL royal families have Rh-negative blood.

It seems that science cannot answer the question: Where did the Rh negatives come from? Are we, in fact, a species with amnesia? And is it possible that the truth behind our origins is far more enigmatic than what we think?

Many believe that Rh negative blood would be the legacy that the Anunnaki left on Earth among other things.

Interestingly, the negative RH strain is characteristic, for example, of the British royal family, which has generated controversial theories about a possible extraterrestrial lineage. although this hypothesis has not been confirmed, the disturbing questions it generates floats in the air: how civilized world would react to the fact that a small portion of the Earth’s population has a genetic code that has been altered in the distant past by highly advanced extraterrestrial beings.

In 1947 an alleged alien ship crashed in the New Mexico desert. Witnesses reported not only the presence of the UFO but also several wounded and dead aliens. This video shows the full Roswell Alien interview.

Considered by many ufologists as the most important event in the history of UFOs, the Roswell case has caused rivers of ink to flow, as countless stories theories, lies and denials appeared over the years.

The Roswell crash has had a great weight in popular culture and is mentioned in numerous works of fiction, as well as documentaries

Officially speaking, it all started July 4, 1947, when several farmers in the town of Roswell, New Mexico, claimed to have heard a loud explosion in the night, completely different from a lightning and thunder strike.

The next day, Gerald Anderson, a five-year-old boy who was accompanied by his father, his brother, and a cousin walking in a deserted place called Plains of St. Augustine, noticed an object in a distance reflecting light.

Interestingly, in their book, A History of UFO Crashes, UFO researchers Don Schmitt and Kevin Randle say their research shows military radar had been tracking an unidentified flying object in the skies over southern New Mexico for four days. On the night of July 4, 1947, radar indicated the object had gone down about 30-40 miles northwest of Roswell.

According to ‘A History of UFO Crashes’, eyewitness William Woody, who lived east of Roswell said he remembered being outside of his house with his father the night of July 4, 1947, when he saw a brilliant object plunge to the ground.

In the newspapers of July 8, the following headline is given: “RAAF Captures Flying Saucer on Ranch in Roswell Region” Commander Jesse Marcel was notified of the Army Air Base at Roswell, which personally went to the scene.

Wilcox called RAAF Major Jesse Marcel and a “man in plainclothes” accompanied Brazel back to the ranch where more pieces were picked up. “[We] spent a couple of hours Monday afternoon [July 7] looking for any more parts of the weather device”, said Marcel. “We found a few more patches of tinfoil and rubber.

On July 8, the RAAF issued a press release, which was immediately picked up by numerous news outlets:

“The many rumors regarding the flying disc became a reality yesterday when the intelligence office of the 509th Bomb group of the Eighth Air Force, Roswell Army Air Field, was fortunate enough to gain possession of a disc through the cooperation of one of the local ranchers and the sheriff’s office of Chaves County. The flying object landed on a ranch near Roswell sometime last week. Not having phone facilities, the rancher stored the disc until such time as he was able to contact the sheriff’s office, who in turn notified Maj. Jesse A. Marcel of the 509th Bomb Group Intelligence Office. Action was immediately taken and the disc was picked up at the rancher’s home. It was inspected at the Roswell Army Air Field and subsequently loaned by Major Marcel to higher headquarters.”

Not a saucer but a…weather balloon?

As described in the Jul, 9, 1947 edition of the Roswell Daily Record,

“The balloon which held it up, if that was how it worked, must have been 12 feet long, [Brazel] felt, measuring the distance by the size of the room in which he sat. The rubber was smoky gray in color and scattered over an area about 200 yards in diameter. When the debris was gathered up, the tinfoil, paper, tape, and sticks made a bundle about three feet long and 7 or 8 inches thick, while the rubber made a bundle about 18 or 20 inches long and about 8 inches thick. In all, he estimated, the entire lot would have weighed maybe five pounds. There was no sign of any metal in the area which might have been used for an engine, and no sign of any propellers of any kind, although at least one paper fin had been glued onto some of the tinfoil. There were no words to be found anywhere on the instrument, although there were letters on some of the parts. Considerable Scotch tape and some tape with flowers printed upon it had been used in the construction. No strings or wires were to be found but there were some eyelets in the paper to indicate that some sort of attachment may have been used.”

What are your thoughts about the Roswell UFO crash? Fact or fiction?

There is a worldwide debate going on about aliens. There are people who believe that we have been visited in the past by extraterrestrial beings, and there are those who firmly disagree, suggesting that we are the only intelligent species in the universe.

While many texts that mention Gods who descended from the heavens, we still believe that what was written by ancients was just a myth. What is the truth? I guess that it depends on what you believe.

The Ancient Alien theory has become very popular in recent years. According to the Ancient Alien or, Ancient Astronaut theory, our planet has been visited by otherworldly beings for thousands if not, hundreds of thousands of years.

Today, people who have studied and analyzed the UFO and Alien phenomena on Earth agree that there are several Alien beings that are walking among humans.

Here we have three of the most important Alien species that exist, according to ufologists.

1) The Reptilians:

As the name implies, are anthropomorphic reptiles whose civilization spread from the system Alpha Draconis, so they are also known as ” Draconian”. According to ufologists, they measure about 4 meters in height and are characterized as excellent warriors and have an extremely hierarchical and competitive political – military system. They also have a great psychic power and feed on negative energies like fear and hatred, thus, they are considered ” regressive ” and were considered before as “demons.”

Many believe that the “Reptilians” are now in control of the world, camouflaging among the ruling elite on our planet.

2) The Greys:

These beings are perhaps the most famous of all the alien races. The Greys are believed to be beings with large heads, almond-shaped eyes and smaller bodies. They come from the constellation Orion and the star system Zeta Reticuli. According to ufologists and researchers, their population is in fact very small and they have numerous clones among them. They do not have souls as humans and behave as robots. The Greys are the ones responsible for the majority of abductions on our planet. The Greys are sometimes believed to serve the Reptilians. According to some, a secret pact was made in the 50’s between our government and these aliens. We received highly advanced alien technology, while they got the green light to abduct people and perform human experiments.

3) Anunnaki:

The Anunnaki are perhaps one of the best-known “alien species” together with the Greys. Annunaki is the name given to a race of extraterrestrials by the Sumerians. These beings arrived from a planet called Nibiru which allegedly approaches our solar system every 3600 years. Anunnaki means: “those who from heaven came down to earth.”

According to the Sumerian tablets translated by Zecharia Sitchin, the Anunnaki mixed their own genetic materials with early humans creating a race of slaves. These genetic experiments are believed to have occurred around 200,000 years ago. Given the technological differences and knowledge between the Anunnaki and early humans, it is believed that ancient man regarded the Anunnaki as gods.

The ancient coin which was discovered in Egypt according to reports depicts what many believe is an alien-like creature. In the past, numerous other coins have been found which depict what many believe are flying machines.

Every once in a while we come across certain objects that make us wonder ‘what if we are not the entire story’ when it comes to history, alien life, and civilization on Earth.

Just as there are ‘bogus’ artifacts that are clearly FAKE, there are others however that make you question lots of things.

In the past, people from around the world have discovered ancient coins that are anything but ordinary. Some of them depict strange ‘flying objects,’ while others –like one of the coins posted below— seem to offer conclusive evidence that we have in fact been visited by alien lifeforms –just as the ancient astronaut theory presuposes— tens of thousands of years ago.

In earlier articles, we posted details about a strange coin which dates back to the 1680’s. Depicted on it is an object which according to many is the ultimate proof UFO’s, aka flying saucers visited our planet in the past. While some agree that it’s definitely ancient alien evidence, others disagree suggesting that we are looking at illustrations of shields, and not flying machines on coins which date back hundreds of years.

Over the past few years, skeptics have come up with their own theories disproving the one proposed by UFO hunters saying that the object depicted on the 17th-century coin could be a drifting mushroom or flower, or even a shield.

However, a newly found coin –which by the way has all the right ingredients for being called out as a fake— has woken interest among skeptics and UFOlogists who are debating about its origin and authenticity.

According to thesun.co.uk, “during a house renovation in Egypt, someone came across a mysterious coin that seems to show the head of an extra-terrestrial being, with huge hollow eyes, a bald hea, and thin cheeks.”

Mysterious Earth writes that: “A group of people who worked on the renovation of a house in southern Egypt found a number of very rare coins.”

While any have rushed forward suggesting this is by far the best evidence of alien visitations, we need to hold on for a minute here and look at other possibilities.

While the coin is sensational to say the least, it doesn’t necessarily mean its authentic, but for that matter neither fake. The truth is that with all findings of a similar controversy, people rush to make conclusions without considering all possibilities.

The truth is that detailed information about the coin ‘depicting an alien-like creature’ is extremely limited. The only information we have is that it was discovered among ‘other ancient coins’ during a house renovation in Egypt. Nearly all of these coins have an inscription in Latin, which obviously mean they did not originate in Egypt, but most likely somewhere else.

The coin with the mystery creature on its side has “OPPORTUNUS Adest” carved on the back, Latin for “its here in due time.”

Whether or not the newly found coin depicting an alien-like creature is real or not remains a profound mystery. The most likely conclusion is that the coin is a modern forgery since NO EXPERTS have actually verified the item, analyzed it or seen it. All the information comes from different websites which can’t agree on what’s what.

While the story is fascinating to say the least, it’s hard to conclude if it’s real.

The truth is that several coins have been found in the past which have proven to be real, and depict what many interpret as FLYING OBJECTS. That, however, is up to each person’s interpretation. What some see as flying saucers, others may identify as shields or other objects.

Nevertheless, these coins are extremely interesting and make you wonder WHAT IF, they are true. In regards to the coin depicitng the alien-like creature, I’d have to say it’s just another modern forgery until someone proves otherwise.

Let me know what you think and post your comments below!

Reference:

According to UFO hunters, and based on numerous satellite images, massive alien fleets are flying in ‘tactical’ formation near Earth and through the inner solar system towards the sun. Some researchers have even come forward claiming that our sun may act as some sort of massive Stargate, used by super advanced alien civilizations to travel across the cosmos. 

The ‘alarming’ discovery has been made by UFO hunter Streetcap1, who analysed images of the sun captured by NASA’s SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) Satellite.

The SOHO satellite is, in fact, a joint project between the European Space Agency and NASA. The observational satellite is located in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 gravitational point an keeps an eye on our solar system’s star nonstop.

According to Streeetcap1, the alleged image captured by cameras on board SOHO show a MASSIVE alien fleet of UFO’s flying past Earth, heading towards the sun.

“I have seen too many ‘UFO fleets’ now to be in any doubt that this is a reality,” wrote the UFO hunter.

According to Streetcap1, the intimidating armada of alien spaceships appear to be traveling in a regular and highly ordered group of formations, which are indicative of a highly organized military fleet.

“They are flying in small group formation which might suggest military craft,” Streetcap1 explains. “I have seen too many ‘UFO fleets’ now to be in any doubt that this is a reality.

UFO Hunter Scot Warring from UFO sightings daily commented on the images:

“This UFO fleet was caught by Streetcap1 of YouTube. It is an awesome find,” he writes in the latest update to his blog UFO Sightings Daily.

“I have seen thousands of SOHO sun photos, but never one like this,” he continues. “Here we see fleets of ships in groups of two, three and even four. This is a fleet, which is not a good sign.”
“For a flee  this size to be passing Earth, something big is about to happen,” Waring writes. “Yes, you can bet money that they know we are here, but they are so technologically advanced that we are no threat to them. Thus, they ignore us. We see 60-80 ships here that the SOHO image caught. Many more it didn’t catch.”

The debate continued on YouTube among hundreds of users who left their comments on the video.

“It’s like a space battle..”

“Incredible; but why…?

“Weird!”

“But they are huge how do you explain [this].”

In the distant past, numerous weird objects have been spotted near the sun, visible on SOHO satellite images.

While UFO hunters are convinced these are interstellar starships from elsewhere in the universe, skeptics argue that we are looking at malfunctions in the images. Processing errors and dead pixels present in some of the images.

UFO hunters, however, do not agree.

In the past, researchers have wondered about the numerous anomalies present near the sun and have ventured out to ask whether it is possible that our sun is a massive Stargate.

This video below by Nassim Haramein supports the idea that the sun acts as a massive portal or Stargate.

The Moon used to rotate at a faster rate in the distant past, and for some reason, its rotation slowed down and became tidally locked with Earth. There are traces of titanium, uranium 236, and neptunium 237 on the Moon, these elements have not been found to occur naturally.

Mankind has always been fascinated by Earths loyal satellite, the Moon. Believed to have been ‘formed’ around 4.5 billion years ago, Earth’s Moon is one of the largest ‘natural’ and most mysterious satellites in the solar system. Many details about the Moon have led numerous researchers and scientists to question its real purpose. Why is the Moon in synchronous rotation with Earth, always showing us the same face? And why is it so important for life on Earth?

In the 21^st century, there are many UFOlogists around the world who speculate that the Moon is actually a giant base where extraterrestrials survey mankind’s progress. While this theory might sound absurd to many readers, there are quite a few details about the Moon which are simply put, inexplicable.

Robin Brett, a scientist from NASA stated, “It seems easier to explain the non-existence of the Moon than its existence.”

Set in place 4.53 billion years ago?

According to studies, if our Moon did not exist, life on Earth would have probably had a hard time surviving. For example, its gravitational influence produces ocean tides and body tides on Earth. Mysteriously, The Moon’s current orbital distance is about thirty times the diameter of Earth and is exceptionally large relative to Earth: a quarter its diameter and 1/81 its mass. Even more interesting is the fact that the Moon used to rotate at a faster rate, but early in its history, its rotation slowed and became tidally locked.

But if the Moon was ‘engineered’ as some suggest and is in fact, an artificial ‘structure’ wouldn’t there be something on the Moon that could uncover its mystery? Well, if we look closer, there are a couple of very interesting things. According to studies, the Moon has a solid shell of around 20 miles made of highly resistant materials such as titanium, uranium 236, mica, neptunium 237. Definitely, elements that you would not expect to find “inside” the Moon.

In the 1970’s Mikhail Vasin and Alexander Shcerbakov from the Soviet Academy of science wrote an article called: “Is the Moon the creation of Alien Intelligence?

How is it possible that the surface of the Moon is so hard and why does it contain minerals like Titanium?

Mysteriously, there are some lunar rocks that have been found to contain PROCESSED METALS, such as Brass, Mica and the elements of Uranium 236 and Neptunium 237 that have NEVER been found to occur naturally. So how did they get there?

Uranium 236 is a radioactive nuclear waste which is found in spent nuclear and reprocessed Uranium. More interestingly, Neptunium 237 is a radioactive metallic element and a by-product of nuclear reactors and the production of Plutonium.

There are some lunar rocks that have been found to contain ten times more titanium than “titanium-rich” rocks on planet Earth. Here on Earth, we use Titanium in supersonic jets, deep-diving submarines, and spacecraft. It’s unexplainable. Dr. Harold Urey, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry said he was “terribly puzzled by the rocks astronauts found on the Moon and their Titanium content. The samples were unimaginable and mind-blowing since researchers could not account for the presence of Titanium.

Even more fascinating is the incredible orbit of the Moon. It is the only known Moon in the solar system that has a stationary, nearly “perfect” circular orbit. It’s a fact that the Moon does not spin like a natural celestial body. In other words, our Moon does not share any characteristics with other Moons found in our Solar System. If it wasn’t strange enough, from any point on the surface of our planet, only one side of the Moon is visible.

What is the Moon hiding… and why have we stopped going to the Moon?

Thomas Zurbuchen, the associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission directorate, says it’s likely that there’s life beyond Earth.

“Is there life beyond Earth? I think the answer is yes — but we just don’t know,” Zurbuchen said during an interview at Boston University. “The simple reason I think so is because we underestimated nature when we doubted whether water or complex molecules would exist beyond Earth. Each one of those is much easier to achieve than we thought possible.”

Numbers Game

It’s common logic: space is so incomprehensibly vast that somewhere out there, the right conditions for life must exist.

But the fact remains that earthlike conditions in outer space don’t guarantee life, and University College London biochemist Nick Lane has argued that we don’t have any sort of statistical justification for that assumption — arguments like Zurbuchen’s are extrapolations from the singular data point of life on Earth.

Pale Blue Dot

But whether Zurbuchen’s hunch is right or wrong, he argues that it won’t make a bit of difference if we don’t first make sure that Earth can continue to sustain life.

“No matter what the answer to that question is,” Zurbechen replied to a question about off-world settlements, “we have to keep Earth livable. It’s unsafe to do otherwise. I do think about terraforming other planets a small percentage of the time, but much more time I spend focused on ways to keep the Earth livable and wonderful — not the other way around.”

If we don’t address the ongoing damage caused by global climate change, Zurbuchen seems to be implying, any space-exploring extraterrestrials won’t find anything more than the remains of our society.

This article was originally published by Futurism. Read the original article.

While most people –especially young generations—are unaware of this, Nikola Tesla is one of the greatest scientific minds and inventors the world has ever known. Even though he is entirely absent from out history books, he is a man that created the foundation for today’s technology and lifestyle. But in addition to all of his inventions, Nikola Tesla was among the first people on Earth who claimed to have intercepted alien messages from outer space.

Everything from radio to remote controlled vehicles, Nikola Tesla laid down the necessary foundation for NASA and many other scientific agencies around the world, not to mention that he wanted to give the world unlimited free energy a hundred years ago.

“There is a difference between progress and technology, progress benefits mankind. Technology does not necessarily do that.” –Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla is the man who harnessed lightning; he was a true genius, and he envisioned new technologies far before their time and even claimed to have had contact with extraterrestrial beings.

At the age of 28, Nikola Tesla moved to the United States and started working for Thomas Edison. Edison and Tesla became quickly rivals with different ideas; Edison was experimenting with direct current and Tesla with alternating current, competing to win the right to harness Niagara Falls and whoever controlled Niagara Falls practically controlled the power to the entire Northeast.

Tesla’s inventions went far beyond electricity. He made groundbreaking discoveries such as wireless radio communications, turbine engines, helicopters(although it was Da Vinci who first had the idea), fluorescent and neon lights, torpedoes and the X-ray among others. By the time of his death, Tesla held nearly 700 worldwide patents.

But in addition to all of the above, Tesla firmly believed we were not ALONE in the UNIVERSE.

In an interview he gave to Time at the age of 75, Tesla said:

I think that nothing can be more important than interplanetary communication. It will certainly come some day, and the certitude that there are other human beings in the universe, working, suffering, struggling, like ourselves, will produce a magic effect on mankind and will form the foundation of a universal brotherhood that will last as long as humanity itself.

Tesla seemed extremely convinced about alien life elsewhere in the cosmos.

In fact, not many people are aware of the fact that in 1900, while he was working at his famous Colorado Springs Laboratory, Nikola Tesla ANNOUNCED that the intercepted EXTRATERRESTRIAL radio signals.

Despite the fact that the scientific community then thought Tesla was crazy, radio signals were something that was an unfamiliar concept to anyone but Tesla, leading to the obvious conclusion that Tesla was greatly misunderstood in his time.

Perhaps one of the most noteworthy subjects we need to mention when talking about Tesla and ‘Aliens’ is the infamous Black Knight Satellite which wasn’t confirmed and tracked by researchers around the globe until 1932.

Interestingly, Tesla believes he had spotted it in 1899 while working in his Colorado Springs laboratory, he started hearing mysterious rhythmic sounds on his radio receiver.

On one occasion Nikola Tesla wrote:

I can never forget the first sensations I experienced when it dawned upon me that I had observed something possibly of incalculable consequences to mankind. I felt as though I were present at the birth of a new knowledge or the revelation of a great truth. Even now, at times, I can vividly recall the incident, and see my apparatus as though it were actually before me. My first observations positively terrified me, as there was present in them something mysterious, not to say supernatural, and I was alone in my laboratory at night; but at that time the idea of these disturbances being intelligently controlled signals did not yet present itself to me.

The changes I noted were taking place periodically, and with such a clear suggestion of number and order that they were not traceable to any cause then known to me. I was familiar, of course, with such electrical disturbances as are produced by the sun, Aurora Borealis and earth currents, and I was as sure as I could be of any fact that these variations were due to none of these causes. The nature of my experiments precluded the possibility of the changes being produced by atmospheric disturbances, as has been rashly asserted by some. It was some time afterward when the thought flashed upon my mind that the disturbances I had observed might be due to an intelligent control. Although I could not decipher their meaning, it was impossible for me to think of them as having been entirely accidental. The feeling is constantly growing on me that I had been the first to hear the greeting of one planet to another. . . . I was not merely beholding a vision, but had caught sight of a great and profound truth. –Talking with planets by Nikola Tesla.

In addition, Nikola Tesla believed he had picked up signals that originated on Mars, and here is a statement he gave on what he believed he had discovered:

Others may scoff at this suggestion…[of] communicat[ing] with one of our heavenly neighbors, as Mars…or treat it as a practical joke, but I have been in deep earnest about it every since I made my first observations in Colorado Springs… At the time, there existed no wireless plant other than mine that could produce a disturbance perceptible in a radius of more than a few miles. Furthermore, the conditions under which I operated were ideal, and I was well trained for the work. The character of the disturbances recorded precluded the possibility of their being of terrestrial origin, and I also eliminated the influence of the sun, moon, and Venus. As I then announced, the signals consisted in a regular repetition of numbers, and subsequent study convinced me that they must have emanated from Mars, the planet having just then been close to the earth. –Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla : Biography of a Genius.

In fact, according to the American Physical Society Physics, Nikola Tesla had concluded that the mysterious signals, or the strange unnatural object the signals were originating from, was extraterrestrials, or at least their effort to communicate with Earth.

In conclusion, we understand that Nikola Tesla stated on multiple occasions that he thought he intercepted signals from intelligent beings from outer space. Tesla indicated that even the most primitive or simple form of communications –like the eventual exchange of numbers— could, in fact, be an intelligible radio transmission originating from advanced extraterrestrial beings.

Journal Reference:

A NASA scientist has said that he reckons aliens may have already visited planet Earth. I’m not going to lie – if he says it happened, I’m inclined to agree, so I’d like to take this opportunity to say that, I for one, welcome our new alien overlords.

Silvano P Colombano from the space agency’s intelligent systems division says that the current idea we have about aliens is too narrow and that if aliens have popped down, we’re not talking little green men or Paul but maybe something that looks wildly different to what we consider extra terrestrials.

In a report, he wrote: “I simply want to point out the fact that the intelligence we might find and that might choose to find us (if it hasn’t already) might not be at all be produced by carbon based organisms like us.”

He urged scientists to look past our ‘assumptions’ about alien life, writing: “We need to re-visit even our most cherished assumptions.

“How might that change the above assumptions about interstellar travel?

“Our typical life-spans would no longer be a limitation (although even these could be dealt with multi-generational missions or suspended animation), and the size of the ‘explorer’ might be that of an extremely tiny super-intelligent entity.

“Considering further that technological development in our civilisation started only about 10,000 years ago and has seen the rise of scientific methodologies only in the past 500 years, we can surmise that we might have a real problem in predicting technological evolution even for the next thousand years, let alone six million times that amount!”

NASA is currently searching the universe for signs of life through its Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence – SETI – programme.

He also added that the current radio waves being analysed might be out of date, so has called for ‘speculative physics’ with roots in solid theories but with wriggle room to ‘stretch possibilities as to the nature of space-time and energy’ and to ‘consider the UFO phenomenon worthy of study’.

If all of this isn’t enough to fully melt your brain, then our pal Colombano said that not every UFO sighting is easily explained away.

The report continued: “In the very large amount of ‘noise’ in UFO reporting there may be ‘signals’, however small, that indicate some phenomena that cannot be explained or denied. If we adopt a new set of assumptions about what forms of higher intelligence and technology we might find, some of those phenomena might fit specific hypotheses, and we could start some serious enquiry.”

So, wait, what you’re saying, Colombano…. is it that… the truth is out there?

Featured Image Credit: 20th Century Fox

Several videos which have been uploaded to YouTube—one of them has been watched over 1,300,000 times—promise to be the ultimate evidence proving Alien spaceships are common around our sun, and there’s something odd going on.

One of the videos—which according to many is beyond spectacular—depicts a mysterious massive object next to the sun that seems to be ‘refueling’.

The intriguing videos show what paranormal researchers and UFOlogists are referring to as a MASSIVE alien mothership ‘refueling’ at the sun. Skeptics disagree and suggest nothing in this video even suggests an alien presence.

An interesting comment posted on YouTube questions what if it is not an alien spaceship but something entirely different: “It could be a living creature that feeds off the stars imagine how big this would be our entire planet would be below its notice and it could destroy our solar system never realizing we were here the universe is beyond calculation so it’s quite possible there are entities of that size out there somewhere but what does that make us? Insignificant!”

In the distant past, numerous mysterious objects have been spotted around the Sun. Many ufologists claim that these objects are the ultimate proof that our Sun acts like a cosmic stargate and that extraterrestrial vehicles are anything but uncommon around it.

Some of the many objects seen near the sun include ‘angel-like’ UFOs, Massive Cube-shaped objects and even cigar-shaped UFOs.

Skeptics disagree pointing to the fact that the alleged ‘alien spaceships’ are in fact pixelation or image processing errors, and that our sun is not a GIANT ‘cosmic gas station’.

One interesting image related to the sun and strange objects is the one posted below. According to Ufologists: it clearly shows a massive alien spaceship ‘shooting’ out of the sun.

The video features countless comments from different perspectives. Some people agree we’re are looking at a massive alien spaceship—and the truth about aliens is being hidden from the public by governments—while others disagree and point to more rational explanations that could end the mystery behind these ‘massive’ objects around the sun.

One user wrote: “that ship may be bigger than our planet. Such technology can only be obtained by super intelligent species that have perhaps lived for billions of years.”

Others pondered about Aliens and whether or not they were hostile: “consider this…if they were hostile (presuming we are talking about extraterrestrials) they likely would have already made a move. What would be stopping them?”

But what if they (ET of course) is using the Sun as a giant portal? One user wrote: “They are not refueling. They travel through the sun’s core. Scientists have no real idea what kind of travel means you attain when you harness the power of the core of the sun.”

Many users agreed that if aliens are really here, they are most likely peaceful: “You do realize that if they wanted to cause us harm they would have already? Think about the level of existence that these beings would be living on, they wouldn’t give a crap about us, we’re probably just one of millions of other civilizations they’ve come across…We would mean nothing to them.”

What the object really is…

Metabunk seems to prove its nothing close to alien spaceships. An article titled “Explained: Giant Black Sphere Hovering Near the Sun [Coronal Prominence Cavity]” explains what UFOlogists misinterpreted as a massive UFO.

What this is though is just something that’s unfamiliar to most people, but something that solar scientists have been aware of for some time, a transitory cavity in the solar plasma field, known as a coronal prominence cavity, or polar crown cavity. Often associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). This does appear to be a quite interesting one, with attached vortex. But that’s all it is. Not a giant space ship sucking fuel from the sun.

You see a lot of these types of “odd-thing-near-sun” things on YouTube, based off video feed from the Solar Dynamics Observatory. That’s basically because the SDO is new (just two years old), and people are not used to the amazing displays the sun puts on. Some of which will be new to science as this the the best view we’ve ever had of the sun. (Source)

What are your thoughts, do you agree with Metabunk? Or do you believe Advanced alien civilizations really exist and travel constantly through our solar system? Do you believe they even ‘stop by’ our Sun every once in a while? Or are these alleged spaceships nothing more than image processing errors and pixelations?

Studies conducted on rhesus negative blood types show that they are missing the Rhesus factor, a protein substance present in the red blood cells of other humans. Theories suggest that people with Rhesus (RH) negative blood may be from outside this world…

Others suggest they are fallen angels from the heavens above or they belong to an alien race from somewhere in the vast darkness of space. What is clear is that those who have with Rhesus (RH) negative blood are different and unique.A person who has RH negative O blood is able to serve as a donor to any person regardless of their blood type. But if they need blood, only their own type will suffice. They represent 15% of the human race and are mostly from northern Europe.

Truth Theory reports:

The four common blood types of today include A, B, AB and O. The differences between each blood type is dependent on the proteins in the blood, but when it comes to RH negative blood types, which make up about 10 to 15 percent of the population, they don’t have these proteins.

The question that is on the minds of scientists now, is where this group of RH negative blood type people originates from. Looking back about 35,000 years, scientists believe that the blood type is linked to specific tribes and groups. Europeans have the greatest incidence of this blood type, but only 3% of African-Americans have it, and only 1% of Asian people have it.

Some common characteristics of people with this blood type include having a higher IQ, having a lower body temperature, having more awareness (physically and emotionally), having red hair, being sensitive to heat, and having blue, green or hazel colored eyes.

This blood type is shrouded in even more mystery when we look at pregnant women. RH negative women who become pregnant have difficulty delivering a baby with an RH positive blood type, as their bodies naturally attack and try to kill the fetus. Thus, they are given a special sterilized solution. (Anti-D or RHo (D)immunoglobulin)

But, why would the woman’s body attack the offspring it’s been helping give life to?

This is where a relatively new theory comes in and suggests that it’s possible alien life has influenced this blood type. What’s even stranger is that almost every person who has reported being abducted by (or interacted with) aliens has the RH negative blood type.

It’s certainly very possible that aliens visited our planet, as they’ve done for centuries, and somehow tooled around with the genetics of mankind. After all, history from all over the world has shown time and time again, through ancient texts and depictions, that we’ve been visited by beings not of this world.

What do you think about the blood type that is missing a key link to evolutionary humans? Could it be that some of us have alien blood running through our veins?

There’s no skating on Mars — not yet anyway — but a stunning new photograph of the Martian surface shows an ice-filled crater that looks a bit like a giant rink.

The photograph — taken by the European Space Agency’s Mars Express orbiter and released by the agency on Thursday — shows the Korolev Crater, a dish-shaped basin on the broad plain that surrounds the Martian north pole.

The impact crater is almost 51 miles wide and more than a mile deep. It holds roughly 530 cubic miles of perpetually frozen water ice, which is almost five times the volume of Lake Erie.

The photo was stitched together from five images captured by a high-resolution camera aboard the uncrewed orbiter, which has been circling the Red Planet for the past 15 years. Each of the five “strips” used to create the composite image was taken during a separate orbit.

Mars has seasons just as Earth does, but the ice never melts because of the location of the crater and its topography.

“This particular crater is very close to the polar ice cap, and the inside of the crater is at a lower elevation and more shadowed, so it creates a cold trap where the ice is stable,” Kirsten Siebach, a planetary geologist at Rice University in Houston, told NBC News MACH in an email.

Siebach said it was unusual to see ice-filled craters on Mars. But if the Martian landscape is notoriously dusty and barren, the pockmarked planet holds quite a bit of water. Just about all of it is frozen, although this year instruments aboard Mars Express revealed the existence of a large underground reservoir of liquid water near the planet’s south pole.

“There used to be liquid water in rivers and lakes on Mars, but it largely either froze as the atmosphere dissipated or was lost to space about 3 billion years ago,” Siebach said. “Ice still exists on Mars near the poles, and the Martian atmosphere has a tiny amount of water vapor.”

Korolev Crater is named after Sergei Korolev (1907-1966), a rocket engineer who is considered one of the leading architects of the Soviet space program. Korolev was involved in the Sputnik program, which in 1957 put the first artificial satellite into Earth orbit, and worked on precursors to the Soyuz rockets that now carry crews to the International Space Station.

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David Freeman is the editorial director of NBC News MACH. He can be reached at david.freeman@nbcuni.com. @davyfreeman